Journal: Journal of Ginseng Research

Article Title: The molecular mechanism of ginsenoside Rh2 and its octyl ester derivative on anti-angiogenesis in cancer treatment: The battle between PI3K and ROS

doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2025.01.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ginsenoside Rh2 and its octyl ester derivative (Rh2-O) inhibited the tumor-associated angiogenesis (TAA) in vitro and in vivo . (A–B) Rh2 and Rh2-O inhibited the wound healing of HUVEC. HUVEC cells were cultured in the CM of Huh-7 cells pre-treated with Rh2-O or Rh2 for 24 h. (C–D) Rh2 and Rh2-O inhibited the tube formation of HUVEC cells on Matrigel. HUVEC cells were seeded with the CM of Huh-7 cells pre-treated with Rh2-O or Rh2 for 24 h. (E) ELISA analysis of the VEGFA expression in the CM of Huh-7 cells pre-treated with Rh2-O or Rh2 for 24 h. (F) The VEGFA expression in Huh-7 cells pre-treated with Rh2 or Rh2-O for 24 h (G & J) Subcutaneous tumor growth rate in H22 tumor-bearing mice treated with Rh2 or Rh2-O. The tumor growth curves were summarized in a line chart. Average tumor weights in the subcutaneous xenograft model were shown. (H&K) The VEGFA expressions in tumors were tested by western blotting. (I&K) The tumors were performed immunochemistry staining by antibody against CD31, representative images were shown ( × 40 magnification). The asterisks indicate that the data are significantly different with the control groups (∗ at P < 0.05, ∗∗ at P < 0.01 and ∗∗∗ at P < 0.001), and the pound signs indicate the data of Rh2-O groups are significantly different with the Rh2 groups at the same dosage (# at P < 0.05, ## at P < 0.01 and ### at P < 0.001).

Article Snippet: The HUVEC cells were seeded into 96-well plates (3 × 10 4 cells/well) coated with Matrigel (40183 ES, Yeasen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), and cultured with CM for 4 h at 37 °C.

Techniques: In Vitro, In Vivo, Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Expressing, Western Blot, Staining, Control